WELL Model¶
The WELL
model is designed to flexibly couple to various flow and
transport modes either sequentially, quasi-implicitly, or fully
implicitly. Depending on coupling and well model type, different
governing equations can be solved. Please see each individual flow mode
for a description of the well model coupling options available. Right
now, well model coupling is available in SCO2 Mode,
HYDRATE Mode, and WIPP_FLOW mode.
Structure¶
The WELL
model is a 1-dimensional sub-grid of the primary reservoir
domain. Where the reservoir grid is defined by grid cells, the well
sub-grid is defined by well segments. Well segments are associated with
the reservoir cells through which they pass; mass is exchanged between
well and reservoir through source/sink terms. Multiple well segments
can exist within one reservoir cell, but one well segment cannot span
multiple reservoir cells. The well can have a flexible orientation,
but multiple wells cannot intersect each other. The well solves its own
set of equations governing the distribution of mass along the 1D wellbore.
Those equations are chosen by the user and are restricted based on the flow
mode and coupling style.
Governing Equations¶
FULLY_IMPLICIT Coupling¶
The FULLY_IMPLICIT coupling option is available in SCO2 Mode mode and HYDRATE Mode mode. With this option, the well model is embedded as an extra equation in the flow mode Jacobian and residual.
HYDROSTATIC Well Model
Currently, the only well model type available for fully implicit coupling is the HYDROSTATIC well model type. This well model type solves one conservation equation in the form:
where
Well Index¶
The well index is used to compute flow rate into or out of an individual
well segment as a function of the pressure difference between the wellbore
and the reservoir at the well segment centroid. For a given well segment,
where WI is the well index,
where s is the user-defined skin factor,